Aron Kopstein

(18.3.1915, Ochakov, Kherson province - 4.3.1940, Suojärvi, Finland).

"...If the Literary Institute had produced only Aron Kopstein throughout its history, it would have justified its existence..."

Nikolai Aseev

Aron Kopstein (1915-1940) was born in Ochakov to a poor Jewish family of a schoolteacher, half-extinct in the Civil War:

his older brother died at the front, his father died of starvation, and in the same year, his mother succumbed to typhoid fever. Orphaned at age five, he was placed in a children's home - first in Kherson, then in Budy, near Kharkiv. After completing seven years of school, he went to work at a factory as an apprentice metal annealer. One of Kopstein's first poems appeared in the factory's newspaper.

Aron Kopstein

One day, Pavel Tychina, a renowned poet in the early 1930s, visited the factory. Thrilled by the young man's poetry, he offered Kopstein a literature job; thus, an 18-year-old assistant came to work in the editorial office of a major literary newspaper in Kharkiv, then Ukraine's capital, in 1933. Since his first collection (1933), Kopshtein published a book of new poems almost annually.

"...Aron Kopstein used to come - up until my arrest in November 1934 - tall, thick-browed, with black eyes, as if there was a black plum in each pupil, twenty years old, but already having authored three collections of poetry, eternally and insatiably hungry and hurrying somewhere. He used to recite new poems, leaning on the doorpost, occasionally taking a bite from the loaf of rye bread he would buy himself for dinner. 

He wrote poetry of equal talent in Ukrainian, Russian, Georgian, and Yiddish. Not only did he have a deep knowledge of world poetry and the multilingual Soviet poetry, but he also could recite memory verses that inspired him. Of the present-day poets, I can compare him only to Joseph Brodsky. 

Once in Tbilisi, Aron visited Georgian poets, and they sat drinking Kakheti wine and reciting poems one after another; the Ukrainian-Soviet poet Aron Kopstein also asked to recite, but in Georgian as well.

- Listen, Aron, I know a bit of Georgian poetry, but these marvelous verses are new to me. Where did you find them? - Galaktion Tabidze was surprised.
- I wrote them myself! - Aron laughed, satisfied with the prank..."

poet Vasil Mysik

As legend has it, it was Tychina again who saved Kopstein from arrest during the Great Terror. When they started taking away everyone around him, Aron was frantic and ran about, writing letters and drafting petitions. Tychina summoned him to Kyiv; they had a long and hushed conversation. In the end, Aron Kopstein set off to travel around the Caucasus, then was drafted into the army (serving in the Far East), and later moved to Moscow and enrolled in the Literary Institute. In 1940, first-year student Kopstein volunteered on the Finnish war front as part of a ski battalion. 

"Aron had the bulging dark eyes of a Southerner, curly blackhair, and a broad, thick-lipped mouth and big white teeth. His face always glowed with emotional sparkles of creative processes seething deep inside: he was always punning, muttering verses, and making cheerful and kind-hearted witticisms ...

[...]

Along the ranks on his skis leisurely glides the company commander, a tall, taut officer with three formation patches in his buttonholes.

He inspectsthe company's preparedness and, spotting a belly noticeably protruding beyond the formation line, he asks the platoon commander:
- And who is this big-bellied character?
- Aron Kopstein, a skier in your company! - replies the platoon commander.
Bidding Aron farewell at the institute, the witty Vera Ostrogorskaya patted him on the belly and said:
- You are quite a poet. You have a vast artistic range.

Indeed, even belted with a broad soldier's belt, Aron's " artistic range" makes him look comical and is a frequent target for company pranksters. Moreover, it makes it harder to put his shoes on or crawl in the snow, and when skiing, it makes Aaron nosedive into the snow more frequently than other skiers. But when Aron sprawls out, he unperturbedly sits up on the snow and waves at the skiers with his stick. They crowd around Aron. And he, pulling the nearest one by the leg and with his blue eyes shining, recites the couplet he has just written:

"No matter what you say,
My darling boy's the best,
On his skis, he’s making
amazing pirouettes."

Choking with laughter, appreciative friends help Aron get back on his skis, shake the snow off him, and he generously disperses the gifts of his lively, poetic temperament".

Grigory Tsurkin

Two weeks before his twenty-fifth birthday, on March 4, 1940, near Suojärvi, poet Aron Kopstein died of a sniper's bullet as he tried to carry a wounded fellow soldier away from the battlefield. The legend has it that this injured man was either the company commander or Kopstein's friend, poet Nikolai Otrada, the friendship with whom had once started from an anti-Semitic outburst by the latter against Kopstein.

Poems:

One Thousand Nine Hundred and Eighteen

1

The shadow of a bomb carrier falls to the black land like a cross.

The horsemen are galloping. Dust is hanging in the air.

2

Right near the Black Sea the city of Kherson grows.

Street Nasypnaya. My childhood passed there. 

What did I remember? A water of the Dnieper that was gray,

Thunder of bombes, laments of a crazy old crone.

Blood on the sand shore, hoarse cries “hurray”,

My mother's warm hands, the basement, the dampish limestone.

Clouds are gathering over the gloomy Kherson.

Clouds that seem to me made of steel after the years.

This is how the memory of my childhood begins:

The soldiers trample heavily. The children run in the rear.

This is how the memory of my childhood begins.

Stupid my heart pangs with a sharp premonition of grief.

A pointed helmet, over the shoulder a bayonet,

A flask that is filled with our bitter Dnieper water.

Wounded scarlet sunrise is unwilling to look at the slaughter!

The bayonet pierced the stars, there is soot in the sky.

Guards on the Rhine, why do you stand on the Dnieper?

Guards on the Rhine... Clouds. The wind. And the clatter.

3

And then the Red Army soldiers came to the river city.

Torn boots, dusty coats, big working hands.

It seemed to us, even the Sun would listen,

if you tell it to laugh - and a smile would shine on the sands.

The Red Army soldiers left. My brother went with them.

The pals saw him off, my mother wished him good health.

He did not come back, Red Army soldier Kopshtein.

(I then enlisted myself and there the reason it was).

Yakov, my brother, you are buried not far from Warsaw,

In Polish Land, in an unmourned mass grave.

Yakov, my brother, your quiet name still rings in my thoughts,

Our feet on the march repeat it again and again.

Not in a coffin you lied, just bare ground it was,

Here you lied on your back and it seemed you looked at the sky.

Now I am a grown-up man, and my childhood is lost.

But I cannot forget you, and my sadness is high...

I swear allegiance to you, oh, a killed brother of mine,

With all my poems and my heart, my engine and my gun, 

That a German soldier will never pass here again,

Over our river, across our hot sunny plain.

I swear allegiance to you, oh, a killed brother of mine,

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An Occupation

I dreamed of my childhood - my home sad,

A thorny bush, a pond lying dead.

For long I dreamed of my homeland

And water tasted bitter at the end.

Yes, I remember. Trench fever marched along:

"Cheer up in your misfortune" soldiers sang

And also marched down hot and thirsty. 

And miles marched by.

Submissive. Heavy. Dusty.

Yes, I recall this street

And army forces

That led along the tired, faded horses.

I dreamed of the morning frost in January,

And of midnight, stuffy like an infirmary.

I also dreamed of yellow paper sheets.

And dreamed of you. Oh, yes, I had, I had.

The candles smoked all night, and all the night

How longed I to help you all I might!

But you were sleeping, clutching your pillow,

Black typhus burned you like a flame - the willow

How should I forget this delirium and fever,

And voices of German officers quite near?

This very evening when my mother died?

Why should I remember my being a child?

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It Seemed To Me…

It seemed to me that I found myself

In the land where there are no dreams

Where it was crushed under heavy tyres,

Where it was bled white in the thick smoke,

Where it was drunk in the woodlouse-filled cellars -

My little and frail youth.

I was a youngster in that country. My

Eyes were sunken.

My rough hair jutted upwards.

My sharp cheekbones

seemed to tear the skin.

I wandered

Along the streets which were lit up like a sunrise.

My hungry eyes fell upon shop windows. There

Sausages cried out to me

Longing to be eaten.

A ham was trying

To crawl to my hands,

But the crystal window curtain

Prevented this.

A thin blue volume

Slept in my pocket.

The poet wrote about the joys of love,

That he had a small beautiful table in his heart,

Around it on exquisite stools

Young ladies were playing cards of silk,

And Klara’s gaining everything he had.

I was holding timidly this thin booklet,

which escaped only by a miracle

The flames of the bonfire. In that country

They burned books, destroyed paintings -

In the delusional picture of my dream...

I walked along the streets. Gentlemen passed by

All about my age. The colour

Of their uniforms was brown like October mud

When you are climbing out a black basement

And looking at the remnants of puddles

Under the setting sun, under the dead sun.

I sold to the brown gentlemen

Small packages for their enjoyment. They

Threw a pfennig contemptuously snorting,

And went away, clicking their heels.

And secretly, yes, with half an eye, so that no one

Would see, would watch

I opened this thin booklet of Heine

And read about the stuffy world, about love.

I also longed for the Spring of love.

I also wanted for the cunning Clara

To beat me. But no one

There was, oh, no one. And nothing.

I walked home. All the day at home

The light was on.

Twenty steps I had

To go down through the cave corridor,

And then into my room.

It was Spring.

No, that is a lie.

That was not Spring.

Because there are always clouds underground.

Because there is no time underground,

Nothing happens there, only darkness.

A thin slice of pale bread,

Smeared with grey margarine,

And a mug of yellow rusty water —

Here it is all my wealth. And Heine's small volume.

As I climbed up, clouds

Surrounded me. Shining shops

Crossed my path.  And a bonfire

Burned on the street. A sleek student shouted:

"For the glory of the nation." And everyone was silent.

In that country they dreamed in chains,

In concentration camps, in cells. A former

Trucker, a leader, Comrade Thalmann,

Rocked back and forth

In the darkness of his cell —

and dreamed.

But not only that.

They weaved a shroud, threading into it

Their curse. And dreamed. And materialized

Their dreams. But I didn’t know where

To go. And I went to the riverbank.

Here on the bridge

Couples were walking, music was playing,

The women laughed; fog floated by.

A red-haired freckled policeman

drove me away.  And I went under the bridge

Where children and old people rested,

Anxiously sobbing in their sleep,

And holding their Pfennigs to their hearts.

I fell into the water. Then I swam.

I saw bloated corpses floating by

And I dropped under the water either. On the bridge

Couples were walking, music cried above.

And then I woke up. In my quarter.

In the country which is mine. Light-eyed.

Longboats sailed in the deep blue water

And the moon faintly faded at daylight.

A shepherd pastured his flock on a waterside.

Women walked. Guards changed. All was right.

And I exclaimed:

- I will avenge you all,

My comrades,

With whom I saw my grief

At least in the Spring!

The march of History hums.

The Communist Party is alive.

The time will come.

And I said: "Thank you! I am alive!

I go out onto gorgeous grass in morning light"

Comrades of mine, I will avenge your doom.

The Communist Party is alive. The time will come.

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Motherland

(Far east poem, 1939)

Near the ocean I welcome my downs

Soon it will be time to say “so long!”

Near the Khanka lake on the lawn

I can hear a Ukrainian song.

I was listening to a song for the whole day

Sticking the word to the word

And I repeated again and again

All the fragments of the songs I have heard.

And among the hills of the seashore

Suddenly the thought has come

That I already have my Motherland

And for me it is the only one.

It is the land where I was brought up

On the hills of the Dnipro the Great

Where I learned my native tongue

Which I will never forget.

 

Here I grew inquisitive and vivid

And in my childhood far away

Grass that sprouted on  Volohinska Street

Lavishly covered my way.

Here I fished at summer sunrises

In backwaters of the river Koshovaya

And the flowering of the spring steppe

I have loved for the rest of my life.

.

Maybe I will never come home

Maybe I will encounter my end,

Dropping my weather-beaten helmet

On this foreign, this rusty sand.

Or maybe I’ll fall into Manchuria kaoliang

Crushing it with this heavy body of mine,

“I was not a stranger in the world!” -

I’ll recall for one last time.

No, I don't want a different fame

If only I am remembered by

Grass on Volohynska Street,

Liman and its hills high above.

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Hazkoro

(Funeral service)

“My father lies in the alley of roses” (A. Blok)

My Father died in January. Humpbacked morticians came

at night and sat until the morning,

lit only by the moon’s uneven flame,

So shy and gash and odd in their mourning.

A crooked window opening emitted light

Unstable and false. My father lay. His hair

Was grey and yellowish and ruffled. And the night

Ran as horses run in their despair -

All black and foamy and cloudy. And later

With burned mouth I was swallowing water.

… And threw him into a pit. Five sculls, ten arms,

Eight feet.  A cripple was buried

Together with them. Silence swarmed about us

so wide and tense, so white and so lurid.

Ten arms lie in the cemetery grave…

Take mine that are so long and strong. But beware!

For you can take my every breath away,

And yet, and yet I will be still alive!

My Father died in January. His earthy bosom

I wouldn’t be able to find but I will come again,

Maybe in April, gasping blooming bloody blossom

Of apple orchard in the down-pouring rain.

For I won’t die, oh, let you take my strength

Oh, let you blind my eyes and stop my heart,

And let the calm morticians not intend

To wait for me till down on the cart.

For even a dead man will feel - there is an end.

For many years is my father dead.

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